An electricity meter is an electronic, solid-state device installed at a consumer’s premises to measure the electrical energy consumed. Unlike old electro mechanical meters with rotating discs, electronic meters are digital, providing higher accuracy. The energy consumed is recorded in kilowatt-hours (kWh), which forms the basis for preparation of the electricity bill. In addition to measuring energy consumption, the electricity meter may also record important electrical parameters such as voltage, current, power factor, and maximum demand. These measurements help improve transparent billing and assist the utility in monitoring electricity usage.
The electronic electricity meter is an intelligent device designed using an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) based micro-controller with embedded software. This design provides high accuracy and allows the meter to support different tariff structures, such as time-of-day tariffs. The meter continuously monitors the flow of electricity supplied to the consumer.
The meter operates by sampling voltage and current through an analogue-to-digital converter. A higher sampling rate improves measurement accuracy and reliability, enabling precise monitoring of energy consumption and demand.
The meter consists of several internal components, including a power supply unit, metering engine, processing unit, non-volatile memory, real-time clock, and a liquid crystal display (LCD). All measured data is securely stored in the meter’s memory for a specified period.
The meter display shows energy reading(s) and other parameters in a predefined sequence. A push button is provided to view different display information. Stored data can also be retrieved using a Meter Reading Instrument (MRI).
Depending on the connected load, single-phase meters are installed for lower loads, while three-phase meters are used for higher loads. Some meters support remote meter reading. Smart meters, where installed, provide two-way communication with the utility for timely and accurate billing. They are also used for net metering, allowing consumers who generate their own electricity (for example, through solar panels) to export surplus energy to the grid and receive credit on their electricity bills.
Electricity meters are tested and evaluated periodically on a sample basis to ensure compliance with applicable technical specifications, standards, and regulations. Quality is maintained through inspections, testing, and feedback at various stages of the meter’s life cycle, ensuring reliable and accurate performance.
These meters conform to evolving technical specifications and other applicable standards and regulations.
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